1147 is considered to be the year of founding of Moscow Under the reign of Vladimir-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky. However, the center became an independent principality it only in the XIII century. after the Mongol invasion. Probably it was the first Duke Yaroslavych Michael Bolden (1247 - 1248's). The final selection of the Moscow principality dating 70 years we XIII century. Until Moscow principality was part of the Volodymyr principality.
Pioneers dynasty of Moscow rulers was the son of Alexander Nevsky - Daniel . His separate principalities was one of the smallest. It consisted of around 40 km radius of Moscow. By Daniel A., the first territorial acquisition: in 1301 he captured in the Ryazan principality Kolomna, 1302 under the will of Prince mastered Pereyaslavl childless. In 1303 his son George took from the Smolensk principality Mozhaisk. George spent his entire life in the struggle against Tver prince for ascend the throne, but died in one of the clashes. After his death the Prince was the brother of John D. Kalita (1325 - 1341's). The word "World" means "money bag". It was Prince-miser. His wealth went to the legend, but it could all fit in one chest. Possession Kalyta were much smaller than modern Moscow region. However, during his rule there were significant changes that have changed the fate of the Moscow principality.
In 1325 Ivan Kalita transported to their residence prystarkuvatoho Metropolitan Peter Galician pipes. A year later, Peter died. He was buried in unfinished Assumption Cathedral. It tells the Chronicle, his burial took place at various miracles. For some time Peter is glorified as a saint. The presence of the holy relics of Peter and the residence of Metropolitan of Moscow turned into a spiritual center of Northeast Russia, and Moscow's rulers began to claim political supremacy in the region.
important in the growth of Moscow is the transition of service to the Prince of Moscow boyar families from different cities of the former Kievan Rus.
fondest dream was to get the Muscovite princes in the great khan's label knyazhynnya, which meant the right of levying tribute for the Golden Horde. Moscow's main rival in the struggle for the label was Tver principality. In the struggle between the principalities used any tools: guile, denunciations, murder. Finally, the label in 1328 went to Ivan Kalita, who used anti-Tatar uprising in Tver. Moscow-Tatar army routed Tver. After the death of John Kalyta his policy continued by his sons Simeon Proud (1340 - 1353's) and John Red (1353 - 1359 рр.).
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